The following function are available for use in formulae. Each function takes a single value which can be a variable, a constant, another function or any other expression.
Base 10 logarithm of the value
A positive number is required
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| log10(10.5) | 1.021189 |
| log10(20.3) | 1.307496 |
| log10(0.37978) | -0.420679 |
Base 10 antilog of the value
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| alog10(1.021189) | 10.49999 |
| alog10(1.307496) | 20.3 |
| alog10(-0.420679) | 0.3795955 |
Natural logarithm of the value
A positive number is required
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| log10(10.5) | 2.351375 |
| log10(20.3) | 3.010621 |
| log10(0.37978) | -0.9681631 |
Base e antilog of the value
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| alog(2.351375) | 10.5 |
| alog(3.010621) | 20.3 |
| alog(-0.9681631) | 0.37978 |
Logit to base 10 of the value
Value must be between 0 and <1
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| Logit(0.123232) | -1.962174 |
| Logit(0.431232) | -0.2768264 |
| Logit(0.866734) | 1.872385 |
Sine of the angle
This function requires a value in radians. If your angle is in degrees convert it first using the radians function.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| sin(0.123232) | 0.1229203 |
| sin(0.431232) | 0.4179903 |
| sin(6.866734) | 0.5509889 |
Cosine of the angle
This function requires a value in radians. If your angle is in degrees convert it first using the radians function.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| cos(0.123232) | 0.9924166 |
| cos(0.431232) | 0.9084515 |
| cos(6.866734) | 0.8345126 |
Tangent of the angle
This function requires a value in radians. If your angle is in degrees convert it first using the radians function.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| tan(0.123232) | 0.1238596 |
| tan(0.431232) | 0.4601130 |
| tan(6.866734) | 0.6602523 |
Arcsine of the value in radians
Input value must be between -1 to +1, inclusive. If you want the result in degrees, use the degrees function afterwards.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| asin(0.1229203) | 0.123232 |
| asin(0.4179903) | 0.431232 |
| asin(0.5509889) | 0.5835488 |
Arccosine of the value in radians
Input value must be between -1 to +1, inclusive. If you want the result in degrees, use the degrees function afterwards.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| acos(0.1229203) | 1.447564 |
| acos(0.4179903) | 1.139564 |
| acos(0.5509889) | 0.9872475 |
Arctangent of the value in radians
If you want the result in degrees, use the degrees function afterwards.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| atan(0.1229203) | 0.1223068 |
| atan(0.4179903) | 0.3959184 |
| atan(0.5509889) | 0.5036021 |
The angle in degrees
Provide an angle in radians
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| degrees(0.1229203) | 7.042814 |
| degrees(0.9179903) | 52.59697 |
| degrees(1.5048340) | 86.22064 |
The angle in radians
Provide an angle in degrees
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| radians(0) | 0 |
| radians(45) | 0.7853982 |
| radians(90) | 1.570796 |
The square root of the value
A positive number is required
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| sqr(4) | 2 |
| sqr(16) | 4 |
| sqr(3283) | 57.29747 |
The cubed root of the value
A positive number is required
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| croot(4) | 1.587401 |
| croot(16) | 2.519842 |
| croot(3283) | 14.86245 |
The e to the power of the value. The number e, also known as Euler's number, is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 which can be characterised in many ways. It is the base of the natural logarithms.
The numbers returned by Exp can get very large very quickly. Values above 88 will result in "Infinity" being returned.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| exp(1) | 2.718282 |
| exp(2) | 7.389056 |
| exp(10) | 22026.46 |
The nearest highest whole number
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| ceiling(10.5) | 11 |
| ceiling(-10.5) | -10 |
| ceiling(-95.5834) | -95 |
The nearest lower whole number
Negative numbers also round to a lower number
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| floor(10.5) | 10 |
| floor(-10.5) | -11 |
| floor(-95.5834) | -96 |
The number rounded to the nearest whole number.
If the fractional part of the number is 0.5 or above will be rounded up, values less than 0.5 round down
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| round(10.5) | 11 |
| round(10.49) | 10 |
| round(-10.5) | -11 |
The sign of the number
-1 for negative values, for 0 a zero value and +1 for positive values
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| sign(10.5) | +1 |
| sign(0) | 0 |
| sign(-10.5) | -1 |
The absolute value of the number, ie its positive equivalent
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| abs(10.92) | +10.92 |
| abs(0) | 0 |
| abs(-10.29) | 10.29 |
A random integer taken from a uniform distribution between 0 and <Max
The results of this function will change each time the workbook is recalculated. If you want a fixed set of random numbers apply this formula, allow the results to be generated and then disable the formula. This will fix the current values in the column.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| random(1000) | 52 597 265 95 473 179 834 180 417 688 553 117 |
A random number taken from a Gaussian or normal distribution. The resultant data would have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
You must pass 0 to this function. To set your own mean and standard deviation use the following formula Gaussian(0)*SD+Mean.
The results of this function will change each time the workbook is recalculated. If you want a fixed set of random numbers apply this formula, allow the results to be generated and then disable the formula. This will fix the current values in the column.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| gaussian(0) | -0.1319901 -1.475542 -0.1804773 -0.7937815 -0.8656253 0.1076434 -0.8452033 -0.284827 1.064022 -0.1710456 -2.044435 1.241533 -0.7431112 -0.8190027 -0.9442617 0.3572066 |
The row number of the current row
You must pass 0 to this function.
This function can be used with mathematical operators to generate pretty much any sequence of numbers.
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| RowNumber(0) | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| RowNumber(0)+9 | 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 |
| Example | Result |
|---|---|
| RowNumber(0)*10 | 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 |
Function reference